Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

Optical modulation is one of the most crucial operations in photonics. It is ubiquitous in photonics and optoelectronics applications, such as optical interconnect, environmental monitoring, ...

[brmarcum] takes us back to analog building block basics with his Frequency Modulation and Demodulation tutorial. Frequency Modulation (FM) sounds simple at first, but understanding the electronics ...

OFDM is a technique used in modern broadband wireless communications systems. To mitigate the effect of dispersive channel distortion in high data rate OFDM systems, CP is introduced to eliminate ...